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38  | 其論歲實小餘及日食變差尤明晰。曰：「歲實小餘，自漢迄元漸次消減。今新法定用歲實，更減於元。不知者必謂不惟先天，更先《大統》。乃以推壬申冬至，《大統》得已亥寅正一刻，而新法得辰初一刻十八分。何也？蓋正歲年與步月離相似，冬至無定率，與定朔、定望無定率一也。朔望無定率，宜以平朔望加減之，冬至無定率，宜以平年加減之。故新法之平冬至，雖在《大統》前，而定冬至恒在《大統》後也。」又曰：「宋仁宗天聖二年甲子歲，五月丁亥朔，曆官推當食不食，諸曆推算皆云當食。夫於法則實當食，而於時則實不食。今當何以解之？蓋日食有變差一法，月在陰曆，距交十度強，於法當食。而獨此日此之南北差，變為東西差，故論天行，則地心與日月相參直，實不失食。而從人目所見，則日月相距近變為遠，實不得食。顧獨汴京為然，若從汴以東數千里，則漸見食，至東北萬餘里外，則全見食也。夫變差時不同，或多變為少，或少變為多，或有變為無，或無變為有。推曆之難，全在此等。」未幾，光啟入愉閣。 |
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