Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Daoism -> Dao De Jing -> 11

	(The use of what has no substantive existence)
三十輻，	The thirty spokes
共一轂，	unite in the one nave;
當其無，	but it is on the empty space (for the axle),
有車之用。	that the use of the wheel depends.
埏埴以為器，	Clay is fashioned into vessels;
當其無，	but it is on their empty hollowness,
有器之用。	that their use depends.
鑿戶牖以為室，	The door and windows are cut out (from the walls) to form an apartment;
當其無，	but it is on the empty space (within),
有室之用。	that its use depends.
故有之以為利，	Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves for profitable adaptation,
無之以為用。	and what has not that for (actual) usefulness.

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
三	一+2	叁弎	sān sàn ㄙㄢㄙㄢˋ	three	v1,p0004#03	p.76#05	p.11r2c01
十	十+0	拾拾	shí ㄕˊ	ten, tenth; complete; perfect	v1,p0058#09	p.155#17	p.207r5c02
輻	車+9	輻辐	fú ㄈㄨˊ	spokes of wheel	v5,p3543#11	p.1246#27	p.1305r4c05
共	八+4	𦱹	gòng ㄍㄨㄥˋ	(1) 共同佔有或承受。 Occupy or accept together.	v1,p0243#02	p.127#05	p.160r5c02
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
轂	車+10	𨍔軲毂	gǔ gū ㄍㄨˇ ㄍㄨ	hub of wheel	v3,p2166#19	p.1247#28	p.1306r2c01
當	田+8	𤱭儅当	dāng ㄉㄤ	(7) 在（某處、某時）。 At, of (some place or time).	v4,p2546#06	p.764#18	p.917r3c03
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
無	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无橆	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
車	車+0	𠦴车	chē jū ㄔㄜㄐㄩ	cart, vehicle; carry in cart	v5,p3511#01	p.1239#01	p.1296r2c04
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
用	用+0	𤰆𠛁	yòng ㄩㄥˋ	use, employ, apply, operate; use	v1,p0097#05	p.755#24	p.908r6c02
埏	土+7		yán shān ㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄢ	a boundary, a limit	v1,p0445#10	p.230#01	p.320r4c01
埴	土+8		zhí ㄓˊ	soil with large clay content	v1,p0450#03	p.231#05	p.320r6c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
為	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
器	口+13	噐𡄛	qì ㄑㄧˋ	receptacle, vessel; instrument	v1,p0690#07	p.210#02	p.291r3c03
鑿	金+19	𨰒凿	záo zuò zú zào ㄗㄠˊ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗㄠˋ	chisel; bore, pierce	v6,p4277#07	p.1327#29	p.1399r1c03
戶	戶+0	戸㦿𣥘户	hù ㄏㄨˋ	door; family, household	v3,p2257#01	p.414#32	p.555r1c02
牖	片+11		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	window; lead enlightenment	v3,p2020#09	p.694#18	p.866r3c04
室	宀+6		shì ㄕˋ	room, home, house, chamber	v2,p0925#03	p.285#02	p.416r6c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
利	刀+5	利𥝢𥝤	lì ㄌㄧˋ	Sharp. / Fast, speedy. / Favourable, lucky. / Convenient, useful. / Profits, benefits. / Beneficial to, good for. / Profit, interest. / Diarrhea.	v1,p0329#02	p.138#19	p.180r2c02

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