Zhao Mengfu (趙孟頫 Zhào Mèngfǔ|w=
Chao Meng-fu; courtesy name
Zi'ang (子昂); pseudonyms
Songxue (松雪, "Pine Snow"),
Oubo (鷗波, "Gull Waves"), and
Shuijing-gong Dao-ren (水精宮道人, "Master of the Water Spirits Palace"); 1254–1322), was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, and scholar during the
Yuan Dynasty. He was a descendant of the
Song Dynasty's imperial family through
Emperor Xiaozong's brother Zhao Bogui who married a lady surnamed Song who was the granddaughter of
Emperor Huizong. Zhao Bogui was a descendant of
Emperor Taizu, through his son
Zhao Defang.
He was recommended by the Censor-in-chief to pay an audience with Kublai Khan in 1286 at the Yuan capital of Dadu, but was not awarded an important position in office. His work was however, greatly appreciated later by the Confucian-inspired Yuan Emperor Renzong. Zhao was a member of the "Academy of Worthies".
He was married to Guan Daosheng, who was also an accomplished poet, painter and calligrapher. His rejection of the refined, gentle brushwork of his era in favour of the cruder style of the eighth century is considered to have brought about a revolution that created the modern Chinese landscape painting. He was known for his paintings of horses. His landscapes are also considered to be done in a style that focuses more on a literal laying of ground. Rather than organizing them in a foreground, middle ground, and background pattern he layers middle grounds at various heights to create a sense of depth. This pattern of organization makes his paintings appear very simple and approachable. It was this characteristic that so many people valued about his style.
One of his most celebrated landscape paintings is exhibited at the Princeton University Art Museum with the title 「The Mind Landscape of Xie Youyu」 (幼輿丘壑 ), an allusion to the nature-loving scholar-official Xie Youyu (280–322). However, in 2019 Dutch scholar Lennert Gesterkamp argued that the colophon attached to the painting and mentioning Xie Youyu is a forgery, and that in fact Zhao Mengfu』s intention was to honor his own spiritual master, Daoist scholar Du Daojian (1237-1318), who also celebrated nature.
Zhao Mengfu had several sons with his wife Guan Daosheng. His second son, Zhao Yong, also became a famous painter and calligrapher. He was also the maternal grandfather of Wang Meng, another famous painter. Zhao Mengfu was related to the later Ming dynasty literary figure Zhao Yiguang and his son Zhao Jun.
Read more...: Paintings Calligraphic works Legacy Genealogy
Paintings
File:Zhao Mengfu. Self Portrait. 1299, Album leaf. Palace Museum Beijing.jpg|Self portrait of Zhao Mengfu, 1299
File:Zhao Mengfu 1254 1322 A l'unisson (Tiaoliang tu) Peinture, encre sur papier feuille d'album 22,7x49cm.jpg|A Man and His Horse in the Wind
File:元 趙孟頫 趙雍 趙麟 吳興趙氏三世人馬圖 卷-Grooms and Horses MET DP213981 CRD.jpg|Horse and Groom
Image:Zhao Meng Fu Elegant Rocks and Sparse Trees.jpg|Elegant Rocks and Sparse Trees
Image:Zhao Mengfu, Sheep and Goat.jpg|A Sheep and Goat
Image:OldTreeAndHorses.jpg|Old Tree and Horses
File:10 ZhaoMengfu- Hoopoe on Bamboo. Shanghai mus..jpg|Hoopoe on Bamboo
File:3c Zhao Mengfu Twin Pines, Level Distance, ca. 1310 (26.8 x 107.5 cm);The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.jpg|Twin Pines, Level Distance
Calligraphic works
Legacy
The former residence of Zhao Mengfu in Huzhou, Zhejiang province has been restored into a museum, and opened to public since 2012.
A 167 kilometer diameter crater on Mercury (132.4° west, 87.3° south) was named the "Chao Meng-Fu crater" in memorial of him.
Genealogy
• Zhao Kuangyin
• Zhao Defang
• Zhao Weixian
• Zhao Congyu
• Zhao Shijiang
• Zhao Linghua
• Zhao Zicheng
• Zhao Bogui
• Zhao Shichui
• Zhao Xiyan
• Zhao Yuyin
• Zhao Mengfu
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original article.
趙孟(1254年 - 1322年),字
子昂,號
松雪道人,別號
鷗波、
水精宮道人等。兩浙西路烏程(今浙江湖州市吳興區)人。
元代官員,書畫家。其妻為元朝畫家、詩人
管道昇。元朝畫家王蒙之外祖父。趙孟頫為宋室後代,後選擇與元朝合作,並受到皇帝寵愛,「榮際五朝,名滿四海」,官至翰林學士,是元代文人畫、書法的領袖人物。
Read more...: 生平 朋友 文人畫 書法 詩 影響 同代人 明 祖上 紀念 參考 注釋 參考
生平
趙孟頫出身于宋朝宗室(宋太祖第十一世孫,宋太祖第四子秦王趙德芳後代),宋孝宗的兄長趙伯圭的玄孫。宋亡後,辭官返回故鄉吳興閒居。
至元二十三年(1286年)經程鉅夫推薦出仕元朝,授刑部主事,於北方遊宦十年。至元末到大德初,仕宦江南。累官至翰林學士承旨,榮祿大夫,世稱「趙承旨」。死後晉封魏國公,謚文敏。
趙孟頫在詩、書、畫、印上皆有很高造詣。詩作有《松雪齋集》。書法上精通行書、楷體,獨創「趙體」,對後代書法藝術影響很大;篆刻以「元朱文」著稱;畫法上也有獨創性,首次提出書畫用筆相同的理論。
朋友
• 高克恭,色目人畫家,趙孟頫和其友誼最為篤厚,至元二十三年(1286年)初到大都任官,便與其過從。此後高克恭受其影響開始習畫,成為天才型畫家。曾與趙孟頫共同創作《奇石古木圖》等畫,並於至元末到大德初年,一同仕宦江南。
• 鮮于樞,書法家。
文人畫
趙孟頫、高克恭、李衎(音同看)與商琦,並稱元初四大家。趙孟頫至大都任官後,吸收北方「用筆簡率」的古意畫風,師法唐王維、五代董源的畫風,創造出《鵲華秋色圖》與《水村圖》。開啟以「寫意」為主的文人畫風,集前代大成,不拘風格。反璞歸真,講求平淡自然。迄今為止沒有証據顯示他曾為忽必烈或宮中的蒙古權貴畫過畫,並不是嚴格意義上的宮廷畫家。
趙孟頫的畫作題材廣泛:山水、人物、動物、花鳥、竹石無所不有,其後各代幾乎無人能超過他。他前期的畫作設色獨到,即「絢麗之極,仍歸自然」。後期多作淡墨畫,近乎白描。趙孟頫的兒子趙雍、夫人管道昇皆能作畫,元代畫家王蒙是他的外孫。
書法
趙孟頫、鮮于樞與鄧文原,並稱元初三大家。趙孟頫以行書、楷書最為著名,他主張遵從古法,認為書法應用筆為上,所以勤摹古人,探究筆法。主張將「晉書的風情神韻化入精謹森嚴的唐法」。王羲之對他影響最大。他在中國書法史中有兩大貢獻,其一是振興章草,章草的復興雖不能歸功他一人,但趙的影響力卻不可小視,當時書法家多數受他影響,愛寫章草。其二是振興小楷,在宋人當中,堪稱用力最勤。
2019年11月18日18點30分,趙孟頫的書法作品《致郭右之二帖卷》通過中國嘉德以8800萬元起拍,以2.325億元落槌,加上佣金總共2.67375億元成交,使得它成為了趙孟頫最貴的作品。
詩
詩風屬於元代南方的「宗唐得古」,即古體詩宗兩晉,近體詩宗唐。
影響
同代人
• 高克恭,色目畫家中享名最高,受品題最多者。趙孟頫和其友誼最為篤厚,至元23年(1286年)高克恭初到大都任官,便與其過從。此後受其影響開始習畫,成為天才型畫家。
明
• 姚綬,明朝畫家,作品有《仿趙孟頫秋江魚隱圖》(中國北京故宮藏)。
祖上
• 十一世祖宋太祖趙匡胤
• 十世祖秦康惠王趙德芳,夫人焦氏焦繼勛之女,趙惟憲生母
• 九世祖英國公趙惟憲,夫人徐國夫人和氏(和凝孫女)
• 八世祖新興侯趙從鬱,丹陽郡君薛氏(河東薛氏)
• 七世祖華陰侯趙世將,夫人壽安縣君李氏(李惟賢女兒)
• 六世祖慶國公趙令譮,夫人劉氏封齊國夫人
• 五世祖秀安僖王趙子偁,夫人張氏
• 高祖父崇憲靖王趙伯圭;夫人宋氏,宋徽宗與顯肅皇后鄭氏之外孫女、宋邦光與安德帝姬趙金羅之女
• 曾祖父新興恭良郡王趙師垂,元朝追贈集賢侍讀學士
• 祖父趙希戭,元朝追贈太常禮儀院使、封吳興郡公
• 父趙與訔(1213~1265), 元朝追贈集賢殿大學士、魏國公。元配李氏,李仁本幼女,李熙長妹,宋度宗名義上的姨母,繼配丘氏,子十:孟頔、孟頒、孟碩、孟頌、孟頖、孟顥、孟頫、孟籲、孟頵、孟願。多在南宋任官。女十四:孟巽、孟鼎、孟兌、孟歸、孟良、孟家、孟比、孟益、孟萃、孟漸、孟豫、孟遇、孟過、孟既
紀念
水星上的87.3° S, 132.4° W有趙孟頫隕石坑。
台灣新北市八里區南嶽宮及三重區南聖宮均以南嶽聖侯為祭祀主神,相傳南嶽聖侯即為趙孟頫。
參考
• 蓮花莊
• 趙孟頫墓
• 趙孟頫故居舊址紀念館
注釋
參考
• 李鑄晉:《鵲華秋色——趙孟頫的生平與畫藝》(北京:三聯書店,2008)。
• 福本雅一:〈出山為小草——趙子昂的墜落 〉。
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.