Naghachu ( Naγaču|script=Latn; 納哈出; d. 1388), also written as
Nahacu, was an ethnic Mongol leader and general of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Manchuria, which was under Liaoyang province of the former
Yuan dynasty. Originally a Yuan official, he had won hegemony over the Mongol tribes in a wide area including much of Rehe (Jehol) and Liaoning by the mid-1380s. Now he grew strong in the northeast, with forces large enough (numbering hundreds of thousands) to threaten invasion of the newly founded
Ming dynasty in order to restore the Mongols to power in China proper. Instead of waiting for the Northern Yuan to attack, in 1387 the Ming sent a military campaign to attack Naghachu and forced his surrender after a successful diplomacy of the Ming. Naghachu and thousands of his officers and relatives were sent to Nanjing, the capital of the Ming dynasty at that time. The Ming granted Naghachu himself a marquisate with a stipend of 2,000 piculs of grain, and estate of public fields in Jiangxi, and a mansion in Nanjing. He died near Wuchang on 31 August 1388, probably from overindulgence in alcohol, and was buried outside Nanjing.
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納哈出(;約1320年 - 1388年),
元末明初名臣,官至太尉,屬蒙古札剌亦兒氏。為
成吉思汗四傑之一木華黎裔孫。初為太平路萬戶,元至正十五年(1355年),
朱元璋攻克太平時被俘,因其為名臣後人之故,好言勸降,不歸順,念其心繫元廷,遂給予銀兩放歸。
元順帝封其為
丞相,後又封太尉。
元朝滅亡後,納哈出駐兵開元金山(今遼寧省昌圖金山堡一帶),計有二十萬之眾,繼續抵抗明朝。有史料稱其為開元王。洪武二十年(1388年),明將馮勝逼金山,納哈出無力抵抗,遂降。降後,封海西侯。次年,隨傅友德征雲南,途中病亡。後人獲罪,流寓閩南泉州,一般認為泉州的出姓即源于納哈出。
Read more...: 敗于高麗 投降明朝
敗于高麗
1362年農曆二月,雙城總管府趙小生聯絡納哈出,收複被高麗奪取的三撒、忽面之地,屢次擊敗高麗都指揮使鄭暉,高麗以李成桂為東北面兵馬使。農曆七月,納哈出領兵數萬,與趙小生、卓都卿等屯于洪原之韃靼洞,派哈剌萬戶那延帖木兒,同僉伯顏甫下指揮,率一千餘兵為先鋒。在德山洞院平被擊退,丟棄物資甚多。高麗軍撤到答相谷,納哈出移兵德山洞,被李成桂乘夜襲擊。納哈出回韃靼洞,李成桂屯兵舍音洞。李成桂認為「兵法當先攻弱。」派兵越過車踰嶺打擊元軍,親率精騎六百,到嶺下率十餘騎衝擊元軍,射死裨將一人。又以詐敗引誘元軍,射死一元朝精銳將官。納哈出之妻勸納哈出逃跑,不從。數日後,李成桂翻過咸關嶺,至韃靼洞。納哈出置陣相當,率十餘騎出陣前,李成桂也一樣。納哈出表示自己是來追紅巾軍沙劉、關先生、潘誠,並非與高麗作戰,現在喪卒萬餘,亡裨將數人,請求休戰,李成桂認為有詐,射死納哈出身旁一將,又射死納哈出的馬,納哈出改乘另一馬,又被射死。雙方大戰互有勝負。納哈出逃跑,李成桂追擊,納哈出說:「李萬戶也, 兩將何必相迫!」李成桂又射死他的馬。元軍士兵援助納哈出逃跑。日暮,李成桂退軍,自己殿後。又擊敗追擊宦者李波羅實的元軍。途中又擊敗元軍重裝騎兵,
數日後納哈出又遇李成桂於咸興平,又被擊敗,納哈出收散卒遁去。被繳獲銀牌銅印等物及其他物資。後納哈出派人通好, 獻馬於恭愍王,送鞞皷一、良馬一匹于李成桂,以致禮意,表示心服。納哈出的妹妹,在軍中見李成桂,說: "斯人也, 天下無雙。"後來納哈出對李子春說:「李子春嚮日言我有才子,果不誣矣。」1376年冬,辛禑派開城尹黃淑卿往聘,納哈出對他表示:「我本非與高麗戰,伯顏帖木兒王,遣年少李將軍擊我,幾不免。李將軍無恙乎?年少而用兵如神,真天才也。將任大事於爾國矣。」
投降明朝
後元遼陽行省平章劉益降明,明取得了遼東大部後,明太祖朱元璋數次遣使招撫,未得答覆。洪武八年(1375年),入寇遼東,兵抵金州,明遼東都衛馬雲、葉旺等將其擊敗。其後數入犯,皆敗。洪武二十年,朱元璋令馮勝領軍二十萬進逼金山,又派故元將乃刺吾勸降。納哈出見大勢已去,遂降。降後,封海西侯,並賜以丹書鐵券。二十一年,傅友德征雲南,納哈出隨往,行至武昌,卒于舟中,葬于南京。
據信泉州出姓即源于納哈出,納哈出卒後,其子察罕改襲瀋陽侯,洪武二十六年,因藍玉案被殺。次子佛家奴懼,即刻去職,隱居泉州惠安。
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