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洪承畴[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:422350
Hong Chengchou (1593–1665), courtesy name Yanyan and art name Hengjiu, was a Chinese official who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties. He was born in present-day Liangshan Village, Yingdu Town, Nan'an County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. After obtaining the position of a jinshi (进士; successful candidate) in the imperial examination in 1616 during the reign of the Wanli Emperor, he joined the civil service of the Ming Empire and served as an official in Shaanxi. During the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor (r. 1627–1644), he was promoted to Minister of War and Viceroy of Suliao (蓟辽; an area which included parts of present-day Shandong, Hebei and Tianjin). In 1642, he surrendered and defected to the Manchu-led Qing Empire after his defeat at the Battle of Songjin. He became one of the Qing Empire's leading Han Chinese scholar-politicians. While he was in office, he encouraged the Manchu rulers to adopt Han Chinese culture and provided advice to the Qing government on how to consolidate its control over the former territories of the fallen Ming Empire. Apart from Dorgon and Fan Wencheng (范文程), Hong Chengchou was regarded as one of the most influential politicians in the early Qing dynasty. However, he was also villainised by the Han Chinese for his defection to the Qing Empire and for his suppression of the Southern Ming dynasty (a short-lived state formed by remnants of the fallen Ming Empire).
Read more...: Life Service under the Ming Empire Battle of Shanhai Pass Service under the Qing Empire
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洪承畴(1593年10月16日 - 1665年),字彦演,号亨九,福建泉州府南安县英都(今英都镇良山村)人。崇祯时官至兵部尚书、蓟辽总督,松锦之战败战后降清,成为清朝首位汉人大学士。洪在明代时以谋略闻名,讨伐流寇、满人屡战皆捷,但在松锦之战,兵败投降满清,为了巩固清朝的统治,政治上,洪建议清廷采纳许多明朝的典章制度,献计甚多,大多被清廷信纳,加以推行,完善清王朝的国家机器。文化上,洪承畴建议满洲统治集团也须弘扬儒家学术,尊信孔孟,「习汉文,晓汉语」,了解汉人礼俗,淡化满汉之间的差异,亦为清朝统治汉人的统治基础。清兵入关以后,洪承畴的功劳极大,可以说除了多尔衮及范文程以外,再无他人。
Read more...: 生平 早年 官场生涯 松山败战 仕清岁月 轶事 郭都贤 金正希 孙兆奎 黄道周 夏完淳 王之仁 家族
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.
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浙江通志 | 4 |
清史稿 | 157 |
贵州通志 | 2 |
清史纪事本末 | 3 |
明季南略 | 2 |
明史 | 77 |
永历实录 | 1 |
清稗类钞 | 1 |
四库全书总目提要 | 1 |
熙朝新语 | 1 |
明季北略 | 4 |
云南通志 | 2 |
明史纪事本末 | 11 |
崇祯实录 | 5 |
小腆纪年 | 1 |
崇祯遗录 | 3 |
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